Wood has been a source of burning since the beginning of time. However, it was only in 1557 that the real magic happened when the wood stoves were patented in Strasbourg. Centuries down the line, around 11 million households use wood as a source of heat. [1]
If you’re looking to join the wood stove bandwagon, you’ve come to the right resource. This guide will cover everything you need to know about making this purchase so you feel confident before you hand over your hard-earned cash.
Why Choose a Wood Stove?
First off, why even go for a wood stove? Well, they’re efficient. Modern wood stoves can heat your home beautifully. They also give you a sense of independence. You’re not relying on gas or electricity. Instead, you’re using a renewable resource, wood.
But there’s more. A wood stove adds charm and brings with it the money-saving potential. If this sounds like something you could use, don’t hesitate. Take a look at the different wood stove options on offer and settle for what best fits your needs and budget.
Types of Wood Stoves
There are three different types of wood stoves:
Traditional (Non-Catalytic) Stoves
These are the classic wood stoves that burn wood directly. They are easier to maintain and relatively cheap upfront. However, they produce a lot more smoke, so you’ll need to adjust their air controls often.
If you’re after something a lot more straightforward, this might work for you. But one thing you need to keep in mind is that wood stoves are huge polluters.
Matter of fact, studies show that wood energy emits more CO2 than oil and gas. This makes it the least climate-friendly heating option. So, if you’re all about environmental friendliness, you may find this off-putting. [2]
Catalytic Stoves
Catalytic stoves use a special converter that burns off smoke and gases at lower temperatures. You can trust it to be a lot more efficient, give you longer burn times, and give off cleaner emissions.
On the flip side, though, you’ll have to dig a little deeper into your budget to buy one. Also, expect to replace the catalytic component every few years. If you’re after long, steady heat with lesser strain on the environment, this is likely the best option for you.
Pellet Stoves
Unlike the two others in this list, pellet stoves burn compressed wood pellets instead of logs. As a result, they are a lot more efficient and give off a consistent heat output.
Many come with automated feeding systems that consistently deliver wood pellets into the combustion chamber. You won’t need to get up periodically to reload manually.
Unfortunately, though, a power outage will render them useless, unless you’ve got a backup generator. Also, they come with a less traditional look, which can be off-putting if you’re after the classic, rustic aesthetic that wood-burning stoves often provide.
No matter which type of stove you choose or already own, a wood stove insert or other similar technologies can take its performance to the next level. If you’ve got an older stove, an insert can reduce smoke and emissions, making it cleaner and more eco-friendly. It can also add modern efficiency without replacing the whole unit.
Features to Look For in a Wood Stove
Now that you’ve got an idea of the types available, what features really matter when picking a stove?
Efficiency Rating
Look for stoves with high efficiency ratings. These tell you how much of the wood’s energy turns into heat. Aim for 70% or higher. Higher efficiency means less waste, so you’ll use less wood and save money in the long run.
Heat Output (BTUs)
BTUs measure heat output. You don’t want a stove too big or too small for your space. If you’re heating a small room, go for 20,000–30,000 BTUs. If it’s a medium home, 40,000–60,000 BTUs. Large homes need 60,000+ BTUs.
Emissions
Modern stoves must meet EPA standards. Look for models that emit less than 2 grams per hour. Low-emission stoves are better for the environment. Apart from the environmental benefits, EPA-certified stoves also save you money. Studies show that they are 50% more energy efficient and use a third less wood for the same heat. [3]
Material and Construction
The material of your stove can affect its performance and longevity. Cast iron is a classic choice. It holds heat for a long time. Steel heats up faster but doesn’t retain heat as long.
Soapstone is another option. It holds heat the longest, but it’s also the most expensive. Your choice depends on your lifestyle and needs.
Installation Requirements
A poorly installed stove can put you and your family at risk of fires or carbon monoxide leaks. Here’s what you’d typically need for a safer installation:
Chimney or Flue System
You’ll need a chimney or flue to vent smoke and gases. There are two main options here. Masonry chimneys are traditional.
They look great but cost more. Metal chimneys are easier to install and cheaper upfront. If you’re not sure which to pick, a pro can help you decide.
Clearances
Make sure there’s enough space around the stove. Keep it away from walls, furniture, and flooring. Heat shields can help if you’re short on space. They reduce how much clearance you need.
Operating Costs and Maintenance
Wood stoves come with a few expenses that you should keep in mind:
Fuel Costs
Wood is usually cheaper than gas or oil, but prices vary depending on where you live. Factor in the cost of buying, splitting, and storing wood. Seasoned hardwoods like oak or maple are your best bet.
They burn cleaner and hotter. Pine creates more creosote, which can clog your chimney, so steer clear of it.
Regular Cleaning
Creosote buildup can cause chimney fires, so make routine cleaning of both the stove and chimney a must. Use a brush kit or hire a professional. Either way, do it at least once a year.
Regular cleaning keeps your stove running safely and efficiently.
Ash Disposal
Ashes need to be handled carefully. Always store them in a metal container away from your house. They can stay hot for days, and you don’t want to risk an accidental fire.
Closing Thoughts
Wood stoves can take your heating to a whole new level. But before you buy, it’s important to know the ins and outs of the options out there. This guide has helped you with this decision.
It’s now up to you to do your research and settle for stoves that best suit your home needs and budget.
References
1."Residential wood heat in the US: Results of a survey investigating user behavior and operation of wood heating appliances", Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378778824010272
2."Wood Stoves and Air Pollution: What’s the Link?", Source: https://earth.org/wood-stoves-and-air-pollution-whats-the-link/
3."FAST FACTS", Source: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/wood_smoke_awareness_kit.pdf
